{"id":4797,"date":"2020-02-17T15:36:53","date_gmt":"2020-02-17T14:36:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/trees-in-cities\/"},"modified":"2025-04-30T09:27:33","modified_gmt":"2025-04-30T07:27:33","slug":"trees-in-cities","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/trees-in-cities\/","title":{"rendered":"Tres in cities"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" id=\"preco-potrebujeme-stromy-v-meste\"><strong>Why we need trees in cities?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u25cf<\/strong> Trees filter pollutants from the air and capture dust particles.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u25cf<\/strong> Trees produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u25cf<\/strong> Trees create shade, humidify and cool the air.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u25cf<\/strong> Trees retain water and promote its absorption into the soil where it has fallen. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u25cf<\/strong> Trees reduce noise and support biodiversity. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u25cf<\/strong> Trees can positively affect our health and well-being.<br\/><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/HOMEPAGE-alley-2373932_1920-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"trees in cities\" class=\"wp-image-718\" width=\"NaN\" height=\"NaN\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/HOMEPAGE-alley-2373932_1920-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/HOMEPAGE-alley-2373932_1920-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/HOMEPAGE-alley-2373932_1920-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/HOMEPAGE-alley-2373932_1920-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/HOMEPAGE-alley-2373932_1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><br\/><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"vedecke-studie\">Do you remember the summer heat when you were walking on the hot asphalt pavement in the city center? It is well known that trees in cities can cool the streets by more than five degrees. Green infrastructure provides a number of ecosystem services. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/scientific-studies\/#zelen-v-meste\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Scientific studies<\/span><\/strong><\/a> also point out the fact that greenery in cities can have a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7345658\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">positive effect on health and psychological well-being<\/span><\/a><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, children growing up in greener neighborhoods are more than half less likely to suffer from various mental disorders in adulthood. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2019\/02\/190226112426.htm\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/strong> Even patients in rooms with views of trees tolerate postoperative pain better and spend less time in the hospital than those who only see a wall from the window.. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/6143402\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trees in cities are thus of great importance not only in terms of aesthetics, microclimate, and biodiversity, but also from the perspective of public health.<\/strong><br\/><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/linde-pods-55862_1920-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1680\" width=\"NaN\" height=\"NaN\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/linde-pods-55862_1920-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/linde-pods-55862_1920-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/linde-pods-55862_1920-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/linde-pods-55862_1920-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/linde-pods-55862_1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><br\/><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\"><strong>Educational and supporting activities<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We raise awareness through educational and support activities in the field of tree care in urban environments. <strong>A tree is a living organism that needs care to maintain health and vitality in demanding urban conditions. <\/strong>Trees in built-up locations have limited spatial conditions in the root zone, they are threatened by drought, extreme temperatures, soil contamination, earthworks and construction work around the trees and many other stress factors leading to damage.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do you notice the trees in your neighborhood? Trees are often categorized as &#8220;luxury&#8221; or &#8220;nice to have&#8221;. There is a lack of awareness and funding for tree care in cities is insufficient. In an urbanized environment, however, <strong>we should treat trees as a long-term investment in the environment, which can bring many benefits also for the health of the inhabitants.<\/strong> <br\/> <strong>                            <\/strong>      <br\/><\/p>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-css-opacity has-background\" style=\"background-color:#8dc63f;color:#8dc63f\"\/>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Nature-based solutions<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\"><strong>Why do we need nature-based solutions in cities?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u25cf In well-designed cities, nature is integrated into urban life to promote public health and ecosystem stability. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u25cf The growing number of city dwellers are facing the effects of climate change, a decrease in the quality of the environment and threats to health and mental well-being. Therefore, new strategies and solutions are being sought to face these challenges. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u25cf Many nature-based solutions bring benefits for public health, society and the environment. Therefore, they can represent more effective solutions than traditional approaches.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/balconies-1031241_1920-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"balconies with trees\" class=\"wp-image-1573\" width=\"NaN\" height=\"NaN\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/balconies-1031241_1920-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/balconies-1031241_1920-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/balconies-1031241_1920-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/balconies-1031241_1920-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/balconies-1031241_1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br\/><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why we need trees in cities? \u25cf Trees filter pollutants from the air and capture dust particles. \u25cf Trees produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. \u25cf Trees create shade, humidify and cool the air. \u25cf Trees retain water and promote its absorption into the soil where it has fallen. \u25cf Trees reduce noise and support &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/trees-in-cities\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4718,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4797","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tres in cities - Stromosvet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Trees in the city are of great importance not only from the point of view of aesthetics, microclimate and biodiversity, but also from the point of view of public health.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/trees-in-cities\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tres in cities - Stromosvet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Trees in the city are of great importance not only from the point of view of aesthetics, microclimate and biodiversity, but also from the point of view of public health.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/trees-in-cities\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Stromosvet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/stromosvet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-30T07:27:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/HOMEPAGE-alley-2373932_1920.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/trees-in-cities\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/trees-in-cities\\\/\",\"name\":\"Tres in cities - Stromosvet\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/trees-in-cities\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/trees-in-cities\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/02\\\/HOMEPAGE-alley-2373932_1920.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-02-17T14:36:53+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-30T07:27:33+00:00\",\"description\":\"Trees in the city are of great importance not only from the point of view of aesthetics, microclimate and biodiversity, but also from the point of view of public health.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/trees-in-cities\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/trees-in-cities\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/trees-in-cities\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/02\\\/HOMEPAGE-alley-2373932_1920.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/02\\\/HOMEPAGE-alley-2373932_1920.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1280},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/trees-in-cities\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Tres in cities\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Stromosvet\",\"description\":\"pre zdravie, pohodu a udr\u017eate\u013enos\u0165\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Stromosvet\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/logo_cele_farebne.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/logo_cele_farebne.png\",\"width\":2356,\"height\":1236,\"caption\":\"Stromosvet\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.stromosvet.sk\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/stromosvet\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/stromosvet\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/stromosvet\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Tres in cities - Stromosvet","description":"Trees in the city are of great importance not only from the point of view of aesthetics, microclimate and biodiversity, but also from the point of view of public health.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/trees-in-cities\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Tres in cities - Stromosvet","og_description":"Trees in the city are of great importance not only from the point of view of aesthetics, microclimate and biodiversity, but also from the point of view of public health.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/trees-in-cities\/","og_site_name":"Stromosvet","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/stromosvet","article_modified_time":"2025-04-30T07:27:33+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/HOMEPAGE-alley-2373932_1920.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/trees-in-cities\/","url":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/trees-in-cities\/","name":"Tres in cities - Stromosvet","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/trees-in-cities\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/trees-in-cities\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/HOMEPAGE-alley-2373932_1920.jpg","datePublished":"2020-02-17T14:36:53+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-30T07:27:33+00:00","description":"Trees in the city are of great importance not only from the point of view of aesthetics, microclimate and biodiversity, but also from the point of view of public health.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/trees-in-cities\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/trees-in-cities\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/trees-in-cities\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/HOMEPAGE-alley-2373932_1920.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/HOMEPAGE-alley-2373932_1920.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/trees-in-cities\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Tres in cities"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/","name":"Stromosvet","description":"pre zdravie, pohodu a udr\u017eate\u013enos\u0165","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/#organization","name":"Stromosvet","url":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/logo_cele_farebne.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/logo_cele_farebne.png","width":2356,"height":1236,"caption":"Stromosvet"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/stromosvet","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/stromosvet","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/stromosvet"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4797"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4797\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5097,"href":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4797\/revisions\/5097"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stromosvet.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}